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Naveen Kumar ¹, Navell Chander ¹, Sunil Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur (HP) 176 062, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted from rabi 2000 to kharif 2008 to study the effect of different forage based cropping systems on productivity, sustainability, nutrient use productivity, monetary efficiency and soil properties under mid hill conditions of north-western Himalaya. Eight cropping systems were tested in randomized block design with three replications. Oat (Avena sativa L.) + fodder sarson (Brassica rapa L.) - fodder maize (Zea mays L.) + fodder cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) cropping system resulted in highest green fodder equivalent yield (60. 77 t/ha/year) with better production efficiency (166 kg/ha/day) and sustainable yield index (0.99). In terms of net returns, wheat - fodder maize cropping system maintained superiority (Rs.39,676/ha/year) with monetary efficiency of Rs.109/ha/day. Systems comprised of short duration crops and legumes, resulted in improvement in available soil NPK. However, inclusion of sorghum and guinea grass in the cropping system did not improved soil nitrogen status even after the completion of eight crop cycles.

Keywords

Cropping Systems, Fodder Yield, Monetary Efficiency, Sustainable Yield Index, Nutrient Use Efficiency.

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Suresh Kumar ¹, S. S. Rana ¹, Navell Chander ¹, N. N. Angiras ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

Two formulations of isoproturon viz. arelon and isoking (1.0 and 1.25 kg a.i./ha) each with 2,4D (0.75 and 1.0 kg/ha) as tankmix and sequence application along with farmers' practice and untreated check were evaluated for weed control in wheat during 200607 and 200708 at Palampur. Phalaris minor (42.6%), Avena ludoviciana(25.1%), Lolium temulentum (11.1%), Vicia sativa, (7.6%), Anagallis arvensis (9.6%), and Coronopus didymus (4.0%) were the major weed species and reduced wheat grain yield by 38.7%. Tankmix application of isoking + 2,4D effectively controlled P. minor, A. ludoviciana and L. temulentum and were on par with farmer's practice. Arelon 1.0 kg a.i./ha + 2,4D 1.0 kg/ha resulted in lowest count of Vicia sativa, while isoking 1.0 kg a.i./ha + 2,4D 1.0 kg/ha resulted in lowest count of Anagallis arvensis. All herbicidal treatments were significantly superior to farmers' practice in controlling C. didymus. Isoking 1.0 kg a.i./ha + 2,4D 1.0 kg/ha recorded highest weed control efficiency (71.5), treatment efficiency index (1.93), crop resistance index (5.0) and resulted in highest grain yield, net returns (Rs. 14373/ha) and marginal benefit:cost ratio (13.2). Isoking 1.25 kg a.i./ha + 2,4D 0.75 kg/ha had highest weed management index, agronomic management index and integrated weed management index.

Keywords

Arelon, Isoking, Isoproturon, Phalaris minor, Avena, Wheat.

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Suresh Kumar ¹, S. S. Rana ¹, N. N. Angiras ¹, Pankaj Chopra ¹, Navell Chander ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

2, 4D 0.5 kg/ha, metsulfuronmethyl 3 g/ha and carfentrazone 10 g/ha each immediately after and 2, 4 and 6 days after clodinafop 60 g/ha were compared to clodinafop alone and untreated check for control of weeds in wheat. Phalaris minor, Avena ludoviciana, Poa annua, Vicia sativa, Anagallis arvensis, Ranunculus arvensis and Coronopus didymus were the important weeds associated with wheat crop. All herbicidal treatments were significantly superior to untreated check in reducing P. minor, Poa annua and A. ludoviciana. Except 2, 4D and carfentrazone immediately after clodinafop, all herbicides completely killed Phalaris minor. 2,4D four days after and metsulfuron immediately after clodinafop gave significantly lower count of V. sativa during 200506 and 200607, respectively. All treatments except clodinafop alone were superior to weedy check in suppressing A. arvensis and R. arvensis. All treatments controlled C. didymus effectively. Application of 2, 4D four days after clodinafop gave maximum yield. However, all other treatments except 2, 4D two days after metsulfuron six days after and carfentrazone four days after clodinafop during 2005 were at par with 2,4D four days after clodinafop. Weeds reduced wheat grain yield by 38.8%.

Keywords

2, 4-D, Clodinafop, Metsulfuron, Carfentrazone, Sequential Application, Phalaris.

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